Psychology, Theology, And Spirituality Essay - 1665 Words

Mark R. McMinn’s (2011) Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling establish a way to bring Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality to Christian Counselors. He introduces a replica of how to integrate the three disciplines in the counseling office. The purpose of the book is to instruct counselors how to integrate categories of Psychology, Theology and Spirituality into Christian Counseling. McMinn (2011) contends that many challenges both professional and personal face Christian Counselors on the frontier of intradisciplinary integration. (Intradisciplinary integration is the new emerging frontier for Christian Counselors). The beginning section of the book describes the challenges counselors face in dealing with clients. (1). Moving from Two Areas of Competence to Three (2). Blurred Personal-Professional Distinctions (3).Expanded Definitions of Training (4). Confronting Dominant Views of Mental Health (5). Establishing a Scientific Base (6). Defining Relevant Ethical Standards (McMinn, 2011). After mapping out the challenges facing interdisciplinary integration, McMinn first divides his renowned book into eight rewarding chapters including summary and reflection following each of them. He also uses vignettes in order to ask his readers†What if this Happens† scenarios (McMinn, 2011) While mapping out the challenges, McMinn (2011) added six spiritual concepts implicated in the integration psychology, theology and spirituality. The concepts are;Show MoreRelatedPsychology, Theology And Spirituality1267 Words   |  6 Pages A 4-MAT Review: Psychology, Theology and Spirituality in the Christian Counseling Introduction Mark McMinn is a trained psychologist who is known for his book that was written in 1996 called Psychology, Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling. McMinn had advocated for the Christians who are counselors for many years. McMinn is very experienced in the work and in his field of study. One of the biggest things that McMinn stresses is the importance of establishing and maintaining a goodRead MorePsychology, Theology And Spirituality1445 Words   |  6 PagesR. McMinn uses his book, Psychology, Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling to integrate the use of spirituality in Christian counseling in a way that a counselor can use them in a counseling session effectively. McMinn makes the use of various spiritual techniques like prayer, reading the Word and confession and incorporates them in ways that make spirituality work alongside theory in a cohesive matter. McMinn explains the world pf psychology and theology is not only something thatRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling by Dr. Mark R. McMinn is a very insightful reading for Christian counselors. This book was originally written in 1996, but the revised in 2011 with the help of Dr. McMinn s students. McMinn begins his wonderful reading by introducing the readers to religion in the counseling office. He starts this section a potential client scenario. This client is looking for a suitable counselor who is spiritually sensitive. Different counselorsRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality1843 Words   |  8 Pages Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality Summary McMinn unveils the realism of what essentially happens in the counseling office. He dives into the fitting together â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling†. McMinn explains how â€Å"those who enter therapy in the midst of their pain experience a restorative counseling relationship that brings acceptance hope, and meaning into their broken lives† (McMinn, 2011, p. 20). There are various questions surrounding Christian counselingRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality1411 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Counseling by Mark R. McMinn is a book that discusses two different characteristics of the Christian Counseling field: in counseling sessions and life beyond the counseling sessions for example, the counselor’s job and the counselor’s life. Dr. McMinn starts his book with a brief section written with James Wilhoit that discusses religion in the counseling office. This first section talks about the importance of making good use of the Christian faith in counselingRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality891 Words   |  4 PagesReview of McMinn Summary In the book Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling by Mark McMinn (2011), he explores the simultaneous integration of psychology, theology, and spirituality in the counseling relationship. McMinn (2011), stresses the importance of this skill throughout the text and offers insightful and effective ways to manage this. In order to further breakdown this information, McMinn (2011) discusses and evaluates six religious intervention strategies: prayerRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality1658 Words   |  7 PagesSummary In the book, Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling, McMinn expands upon the theory of integrating psychology and theology by providing the reader with concrete methods to utilize in counseling. His approach to integration is filled with helpful guidance for any counselor striving to strike the appropriate balance in their sessions. McMinn divulges into how and when to use scripture, prayer, confession and redemption. He advocates for utilizing these methods on aRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe book â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christianity Counseling† by Mark R. McMinn (2011) is an informative read that delves into the issues of practically integrating concepts of psychological counseling in the Christian context. Some of the questions that McMinn (2011) aspires to address in the book include whether it is appropriate to pray with clients, the role of confession during the therapy process , whether counselors should use scripture memory during the interventions as wellRead MorePsychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling by Mark McMinn1464 Words   |  6 Pages4 MAT Review McMinn Lynetric Rivers Liberty University Abstract In the book, â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling†, author Mark McMinn gives the reader information on how these three entities can work together in Christian counseling. McMinn offers several ways in which this can be done including the use of prayer, Scripture, confession, forgiveness, the effects of sin, and redemption in counseling sessions. Through narration of counseling vignettes displaying differentRead MoreA Review Of Mcminn s Text : Psychology, Theology, And Spirituality1195 Words   |  5 PagesA Review of McMinn’s Text: Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Summary McMinn tells how psychology, theology, and spirituality are used and how they should be used in Christian counseling. A Christian counselor has to look at not necessarily psychology and theology in a counseling session but how religion and spiritually is brought into the session. McMinn (2011) states, â€Å"Religious interventions require us to understand spiritual formation, place priority on personal spiritual

Essay The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father - 1607 Words

The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father What would Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, be like without the character of the Ghost? The drama simply wouldn’t BE! The Ghost, though not a human character in most senses of the word, is crucial for the development of the play. This essay will analyze this interesting character. The ghost’s apparition has deep significance. It touches the very spiritual underpinnings of the Denmark state. Frank Kermode in â€Å"Hamlet† explores the spiritual dimension of this spectral visit: But meanwhile the ghost – â€Å"this thing† – has appeared. (Horatio as skeptic raises questions as to its status which could have been avoided.) There has been speculation as to its purpose, but one thing seems sure:†¦show more content†¦The hour comes, and the ghost walks. The awed Horatio tries to speak to it but it stalks away, leaving the three men to wonder why the buried king has come back to haunt the land (35). Horatio and Marcellus exit the ramparts of Elsinore intending to enlist the aid of Hamlet, who is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle. There is a social gathering of the court, where they make contact with Hamlet and escort him to the ramparts. At one a.m. the Ghost reveals to the protagonist the extent of the evil within Elsinore, â€Å"the human truth† (Abrams 467). The Ghost says that King Hamlet I was murdered by Claudius, who had a relationship with Gertrude prior to the murder; the ghost requests revenge by Hamlet: â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder.† Ay, that incestuous, that adulterate beast, With witchcraft of his wit, with traitorous gifts,-- O wicked wit and gifts, that have the power So to seduce!--won to his shameful lust The will of my most seeming-virtuous queen: O Hamlet, what a falling-off was there! (1.5) The dilemma which the ghost’s appearance creates for the hero is almost insuperable. Gunnar Boklund’s â€Å"Judgment in Hamlet† introduces â€Å"modern research into Elizabethan demonology† as it relates to the Ghost and its message: â€Å"It was apparently generallyShow MoreRelated Shakespeares Hamlet - The Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father Essay2404 Words   |  10 PagesThe Ghost Of Hamlet’s Father      Ã‚   What would Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, be like without the character of the Ghost? The drama simple wouldn’t BE! The Ghost, though not a human character in most senses of the word, is crucial for the development of the play. This essay will analyze this interesting character.    Frank Kermode in â€Å"Hamlet† fits the Ghost into the local and national scene:    But meanwhile the ghost – â€Å"this thing† – has appeared. (Horatio as skeptic raises questionsRead MoreThere is No Ghost in Hamlet Essay753 Words   |  4 Pagesapplication of ghosts in his plays, Hamlet is no exception. Scholars argue that the ghost in Hamlet is only a figment of Hamlet’s imagination, but how does that explain others witnessing the apparition. Hamlet’s mental state is declining throughout the play, but what is the true cause? From an external view Hamlet appears insane, whether or not he is insane is left ambiguous. If he is insane, is the traumatic loss of his father causing Hamlet to see a ghost or is the ghost real indeed? The ghost firstRead More The Ghost of King Hamlet Essay1301 Words   |  6 PagesThe Ghost of King Hamlet      Ã‚   Many Shakespeare plays contain ghosts, perhaps most notably and most disturbingly in Macbeth and Hamlet. The ghost in Hamlet is the apparition of prince Hamlets father, the dead King Hamlet.   However, up until the time when the ghost first appears to Hamlet, interrupting his speech and thoughts, it appears Hamlet is unaware that his father was murdered.   As the ghost intones, I am thy fathers spirit, / Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, / And for theRead More Shakespeares Definition Of A Ghost Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Definition of a Ghost nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The American Heritage Dictionary, published in 1973, defines a ghost as, quot;the spirit or shade of a dead person, supposed to haunt living persons or former habitats.quot; Unfortunately, this simple definition does not explain where a ghost comes from or why it haunts. When used in the context of Shakespeares Hamlet, this definition seems to suggest that the ghost who visits Hamlet truly is his dead father seeking revenge. To theRead MoreHidden Ghost By William Shakespeare1375 Words   |  6 PagesHidden Ghost In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, King Hamlet is killed by Claudius, Prince Hamlet’s uncle. The late king returns as what is suspected to be a ghost or spirit and gives Prince Hamlet orders to seek revenge on Claudius and murder him. This causes Hamlet to intensely consider whether honor or logic is more important. Although Shakespeare only directly refers to one ghost, there are many more ghosts behind the scenes. In the tragedy by Shakespeare, Hamlet as well as all the characters haveRead More Horatio: A True Friend of Hamlet Essay826 Words   |  4 Pageshim, and that was Horatio. The other key characters in the play were only out for their own good. However Horatio was looking out for Hamlet. Unfortunately, Horatio was the only one. Gertrude was Hamlet’s mother. She was a selfish and evil woman. She cheated on Hamlet’s father with Claudius, Hamlet’s uncle. She married Claudius a month after her husband’s death. Gertrude wanted Hamlet to stop his grieving. She told Hamlet, â€Å"thou know’st ‘tis common, all that lives must die, passing through natureRead More The Ghost in Kenneth Brannaghs Hamlet Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ghost in Kenneth Brannaghs Hamlet William Shakespeares Hamlet is a drama which has been renound for its content and depiction of characters. Over the years, it has gone through many variations of interpretations and criticisms. One such criticism is the nature of the ghost who takes the form of Hamlets dead father. At first glance, it may be sufficient to accept the ghost as the spirit of Hamlets dead father who returns to the land of the living in order to have his son avenge his murderRead MoreThe Ghost Of Old Hamlet1466 Words   |  6 PagesThe ghost of Old Hamlet is an important part of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, but the ghost does not appear to all of the characters. The audience first sees the ghost when it appears before Horatio and the watchmen, Bernardo and Marcellus, who are both minor characters who do not play a major role in the play. Hamlet also sees the ghost later, and the audience only hears the ghost speak in interactions between him and Hamlet. However, because the ghost’s words are not r eal, it also brings forth the questionRead MoreFeigning Madness Or Truly Insane?1173 Words   |  5 Pagesthe play occurs when a ghost begins showing up at the castle. At the beginning of the play two guards stand outside of the castle speaking of a ghost they had seen twice before â€Å"this dreaded sight twice seen of us† (1.1.25). Horatio, a scholar, stands with the men when the ghost comes by again and Marcellus, a guard, says to Horatio â€Å"Thou art a scholar; speak to it Horatio† (1.1.42). After failed attempts at speaking with the ghost, it leaves and Horatio contemplates whose ghost it could have been.Read MoreThe Transformation Of Prince Shakespeare s Hamlet 1466 Words   |  6 Pagesto go through than it is for others. In Hamlet’s case, the events that slowly change him prove to be quite unbearable. It is people that mean the most to him that lead him to change, not because he wants to, but because he has to. They cause Hamlet to lose his mind, dr ive him insane, and in the end, it was a loss for everyone that was involved. From the beginning of the play, Hamlet is labelled as a heavy hearted and unhappy man. This is seen as â€Å"Hamlet’s Transformation† as the King called it.

Dramatic Successes In Eradicating Small Pox Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(51) " incidence and outgrowth positively or negatively\." Over the last 30 old ages the reversal in the worsening decease rate due to infective diseases has alarmed international wellness experts. Dramatic successes in eliminating little syphilis, commanding infantile paralysis and TB, and extinguishing vector-borne diseases such as xanthous febrility, dandy fever and malaria from many parts convinced most experts the epoch of infective diseases would shortly be over. Unfortunately this optimistic forecast was premature as a figure of diseases have dramatically reemerged. We will write a custom essay sample on Dramatic Successes In Eradicating Small Pox Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tuberculosis, cholera, dandy fever, pestilence, Avian grippe and malaria have increased in incidence or geographic scope, as have new drug-resistant strains of bacteriums. In add-on freshly recognized diseases, such as AIDS, SARS, Drug Resistant Tuberculosis, Cryptosporidiosis, e.t.c. hold emerged. Dr. Mark Woolhouse and his co-workers at University of Edinburgh noted in the diary SCIENCE that â€Å" humanity is presently plagued by 1709 known pathogens ( from viruses and bacteriums to fungi, Protozoa and worms ) † . They concluded that 49 % of those are zoonotic and farther it was noted that zoonotic diseases are three times more likely to be emerging diseases than non-zoonotic diseases ( Cook, 2003 ) . The present planetary outgrowth of infective diseases is clearly associated with the societal and demographic alterations of the past 50 old ages, peculiarly urbanization and globalization, with the attendant spread of pathogens ( agents doing disease ) via septic worlds, hosts, vectors or trade goods. The alteration in the environment caused by human activities is besides evident in the transmutation of much of our landscape and transition of regional systems one time dominated by natural ecosystems. Factors include enlargement into urban or peri-urban home ground, deforestation, and the spread of intensive agriculture. The environment ‘s function in the outgrowth of diseases is evident in the connexions between the direct effects of human alterations to urban and rural landscapes and ecosystems, and the secondary effects on disease outgrowth factors. Developing irrigated agribusiness, for illustration, can make breeding evidences for mosquitoes, a vector for malaria. Likewise the unequal storm drainage and sewage systems frequently associated with rapid urbanization non merely increase the genteelness home ground for disease vectors but facilitate the spread of waterborne pathogens doing cholera and swamp fever. Overwhelming grounds points to human demographic alterations as the major direct and indirect factor lending to the addition in infective disease, with slightly different kineticss and mechanisms at work in urban and rural environments. In the first instance the increasing figure of people crowded into dense colonies has dramatically increased chances for nutrient, H2O, gnawer and vector-borne pathogens to â€Å" colonize † and prevail in human populations. Each pathogen has alone transmittal and adaptative features that determine a minimal population for endurance ( the threshold for rubeolas is about 250,000 people ) . Whether the threshold is 100,000 or a million the figure of big urban colonies and the mean colony size has been turning fast in recent decennaries. The figure of metropoliss of one million or larger was 76 in 1950, 522 in 1975, 1,122 in 2000, and is set to transcend 1,600 by 2015. This 20-fold addition translates to a approximately similar addition in planeta ry infective disease exposure due to this one factor entirely. This type of growing has indirect societal and environmental effects that contribute to multiplying the existent addition in population. Poverty, hapless life conditions, including deficiency of sanitation and substructure for waste-water and solid waste direction, increases chances for vector- borne diseases and others go throughing from animate beings to worlds. The geographic spread and enlargement into peri-urban countries of the mosquito Aedes albopictus, finely adapted for engendering in discarded plastic containers and used car tyres, is a good illustration of how a possible vector of viral diseases has taken advantage of environmental alteration. Lack of sanitation and waste H2O intervention, and industrialscale intensification of carnal production systems the universe over, contribute to alien species, and the proliferation and spread of H2O and food-borne pathogens. Increasingly frequent eruptions of infections are caused by these and other beings, many of which may eat alo ngside or quarry on wild mammals and birds as natural parasites. The taint of surface Waterss and spread of pathogens is farther promoted by the change of catchments and water partings attach toing urbanization, and intensive farming around metropoliss. Imparting watercourses, taking flora on the Bankss, and make fulling in wetland – all of which accompany unplanned urbanisation – extinguish the natural keeping and alimentary recycling systems, every bit good as barriers to come up run-off contaminated with enteric pathogens. Nutrient pollution taking to oxygen depletion in estuaries, lakes, watercourses and even stretches of ocean, such as the Gulf of Mexico, helps such pathogens survive excessively. In rural countries population and ingestion play a less direct function in lending to disease outgrowth, peculiarly as rural out-migration is fuelling the demographic detonation in metropoliss. It is more that urban countries are driving a sustained addition in the lumber trade, agribusiness, stock elevation and excavation, ensuing in bend in deforestation and alterations in land usage that are transforming rural landscapes and natural countries in ways that frequently facilitate the outgrowth of disease. Deforestation or even â€Å" patchy † re-afforestation leads to ecological alterations such as increased border home ground and local extinction of marauders that favour some disease vectors and reservoir species. Invasion of persons and colonies on natural ecosystems brings worlds into contact with known and fresh pathogens. The spread and intensification of farming consequences in the development of irrigation systems, ideal genteelness sites for mosquitoes and a home groun d for timeserving insects and gnawers that may be vectors or reservoirs for disease. Dams provide a favorable home ground for other vectors. Climate alteration represents a possible environmental factor impacting disease outgrowth. Shifts in the geographic scopes of hosts and vector, the consequence of increasing temperature on generative, development and mortality rates on hosts, vectors, and pathogens, and the effects of increased clime variableness on implosion therapy and drouths all have the possible to impact disease incidence and outgrowth positively or negatively. You read "Dramatic Successes In Eradicating Small Pox Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" At present there is deficient grounds to bespeak what the net consequence will be one time climate alterations begin to hold a major affect on ecosystems. However, a dominant subject emerging from research on the ecology of infective disease is that accelerated and disconnected environmental alteration, whether natural or caused by worlds, may supply conditions conducive to pathogen outgrowth: pathogen version, host shift, and active or inacti ve or dispersion. The revival of infective diseases worldwide reflects our quick-fix outlook, with hapless development planning, a deficiency of political finding and institutional inactiveness. It is non the inevitable consequence of development, environmental alteration, or even incremental population growing. On the contrary much can be done to change by reversal the current tendency. Equally good as reconstructing the public wellness substructure for infective diseases, there is significant grounds and a turning figure of illustrations of how regional planning and development, including urbanization, agricultural enlargement, and the direction and preservation of woods and other ecosystems can understate and even cut down eruptions of infective disease every bit good as environmental harm. Basically we need an incorporate attack to pathogen control. This attack will affect engaging societal and economic development programmes, environmental and natural resource direction, with intercession based o n the fresh field of disease ecology and methods affecting community engagement ( Bruce and Gubler, 2004 ) . HUMAN AND EXOTIC SPECIES IMPACTS Adverse human impacts on biodiversity occur in really different ways, such as: habitat-destruction ; overharvesting ; climatic alteration ; environmental pollution ( air pollution, eutrophication, acid rain ) ; commercial trade of ( rare ) workss and animate beings ; debuts of species ; and familial technology. Habitat devastation Destruction of home grounds for al sort of intents, building of roads, canals, dikes and houses is likely the most of import threath to biodiversity. Illustrative are the side effects of some well-meaning international development undertakings. These are sometimes sponsored by international bureaus concerned with such personal businesss and sometimes by the foreign-assistance sections of single giver states. Normally the undertakings are intended to profit one section of the economic system of the recipient state ; but, because ecological advice by and large is non sought and because of the wide consequence of the proposed development on other resources or on the entire environment, the side effects of some of these activities frequently far outweigh any benefits that are derived. An illustration is the Aswan High Dam of Egypt, where the demand to increase the supply of H2O for irrigation and power was considered paramount. The environmental side effects, nevertheless, have been tremendous and include the spread of the disease bilharzia by snails that live in the irrigation channels, loss of land in the delta of the Nile River fro m eroding once the former deposit burden of the river was no longer available for land edifice, and a assortment of other effects. The duty of bureaus concerned with international development to seek the best environmental advice is now by and large accepted, but execution of this duty has been slow. Overharvesting Overharvesting, overcultivation or over-exploitation of natural resources is besides a large menace to biodiversity. This human activity refers to a rate of development or use that exceeds the cycling capacity of the natural resource. Classifying natural resources it has been traditional to separate between those that are renewable and those that are unrenewable. The former were considered to be the living resources — e.g. , woods, wildlife, and the similar — because of their ability to renew through reproduction. The latter were considered to be inanimate mineral or fuel resources, which, one time used, does non replace themselves. Because all natural resources in fact organize a continuum, from those that are most renewable in the short term to those that are least renewable, they do non readily impart themselves to a individual system of categorization. It is utile, hence, to analyze the assorted types of natural resources in relation to their cycling clip ; i.e. , t he length of clip required to replace a given measure of a resource that has been utilized with an tantamount measure in a likewise utile signifier. From this point of position, renewable resources can be considered as those with short cycling times ( grass, lumber ) and unrenewable resources as those with really long cycling times ( coal, oil ) . Any resource can be unrenewable, nevertheless, if the demand and rate of use exceed its cycling capacity. Illustrative is the international development of life resources, peculiarly the tropical woods of the universe. These woods, which contain many 100s of species of trees turning in diverse mixtures, were spared from development in earlier decennaries because of their unavailability, the comparatively low value of most of the trees for lumber intents, and the limited universe demand. Heavily exploited for particular utilizations were a few species of high value, such as teak, coal black, sandalwood, mahogany, and other furniture forests. Most tropical woods were non greatly disturbed, nevertheless. This state of affairs has changed, and a broad assortment of forests antecedently considered worthless are used for mush, hardboard, and fibreboard or as cellulose for plastics production. With new machines and better transit, it has become profitable to take trees from antecedently remote countries and to transport logs, bolts, wood french friess, or other partly processed stuffs to foreign markets. Faced with a high demand for their wood merchandises, most developing states have been willing to subscribe over lumber rights to foreign companies, trusting thereby to increase their national incomes and to progress the general stuff public assistance of their people. Unfortunately, most of these lumbers contracts contain few or no commissariats for preservation. Forest industries that have first-class direction and preservation records in their place states behave otherwise in other lands. Great countries of tropical wood have been laid waste, dirts bared to erosion, and the wildlife within them destroyed. Because no Torahs are violated in either the exploited or the place state, there is no effectual damages. General international understandings regulating the preservation of such living resources would supply an reply to this job, but they are improbable to be implemented in clip to forestall the desolation of big countries of the tropical universe. Global Climatic Change Climate alteration is likely to hold considerable impacts on most or all ecosystems. The distribution forms of many species and communities are determined to a big portion by climatic parametric quantities, nevertheless, the responses to alterations in these parametric quantities are seldom simple.A At the simplest degree, altering forms of clime will alter the natural distribution bounds for species or communities. In the absence of barriers it may be possible for species or communities to migrate in response to altering conditions. Vegetation zones may travel towards higher latitudes or higher heights following displacements in mean temperatures. Motions will be more marked at higher latitudes where temperatures are expected to lift more than near the equator. In the mid-latitude parts ( 45 to 60 ° ) , for illustration, present temperature zones could switch by 150 A ­ 550 km.A In most instances natural or semisynthetic barriers will impact the natural motion of species or communities. Arctic tundra and alpine hayfields may go squeezed by the natural constellation of the landscape, while these and many other natural systems may be farther confined by human land-use forms. Many national Parkss and protected countries are now surrounded by urban and agricultural landscapes which will forestall the simple migration of species beyond their boundaries.A Rainfall and drouth will besides be of critical importance. Extreme implosion therapy will hold deductions for big countries, particularly riverine and valley ecosystems. Increasing drouth and desertification may happen in tropical and sub-tropical zones, and at least one theoretical account has predicted a drying out of big parts of the Amazon.A Ratess of alteration will besides be of import, and these will change at regional and even local degrees. The maximal rates of spread for some sedentary species, including big tree-species may be slower than the predicted rates of alteration in climatic conditions. In many instances farther complications will originate from the complexness of species interactions and differential sensitivenesss to altering conditions between species. Certain species may quickly accommodate to new conditions and may move in competition with others.A Changes in seasons are already being noticed in many temperate parts. Birdsong is being reported earlier and spring flowers are emerging when it was one time winter. In agricultural landscapes alterations in the length of turning seasons may better productiveness in mid-latitudes and increase the possible for cultivable harvests at high latitudes.A Negative impacts may include increased scopes of insect plagues and diseases, and failure of harvests in some parts from drouth or implosion therapy. On the comparatively narrow home grounds of the coastal borders, particularly where these are backed by countries of intense human usage, lifting sea degrees may take to the squashing out of of import coastal habitats.A Rising sea temperatures will farther impact the distribution and endurance of peculiar marine resources. Corals have already shown an highly high sensitiveness to minor additions in temperature, while other surveies have shown dramatic alterations in the distribution and endurance of the Pacific salmon in the late 1990s.A In add-on to doing a warming consequence, increased concentrations of atmospheric C dioxide are known increase rates of photosynthesis in many workss, every bit good as bettering H2O usage efficiency. In this manner the clime alterations may increase growing rates in some natural and agricultural communities. Desertification About 3,6 billion of the universe ‘s 5.2 billion hectares of utile dryland for agribusiness has suffered eroding and dirt debasement. In more than 100 states, 1 billion of the 6 billion universe population is affected by desertification, coercing people to go forth their farms for occupations in the metropoliss. Desertification takes topographic point in dryland countries where the Earth is particularly delicate, where rainfall is nil and the clime harsh. The consequence is the devastation of surface soil followed by loss of the land ‘s ability to prolong harvests, farm animal or human activity. The economic impact is awful, with a loss of more than $ 40 billion per twelvemonth in agricultural goods and an addition in agricultural monetary values. Climatic alterations can trip the desertification procedure, but human activities often are the proximate cause. Overcultivation exhausts the dirt. Deforestation removes trees that hold the dirt to the land. Overgrazing of farm animal strips the land of grasses. Harmonizing to a UN survey, approximately 30 % of Earth ‘s land – including the 70 % of dryland – is affected by drouth. Every twenty-four hours, approximately 33,000 people starve to decease. Desertification create conditions that intensify wildfires and stirring air currents, adding to the enormous force per unit area to Earth ‘s most cherished resource, H2O, and, of class, the animate beings dependant on it. Harmonizing to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the universe lost about 30 % of its natural wealth between 1970 and 1995. Dust from comeuppances and drylands are blown into metropoliss around the universe. Dust from Africa reaches Europe through the Pasat air current, and even reaches US metropoliss. Dust atoms, which are less than 2,5 millionths of a meter in size, are inhaled, doing wellness jobs and have been shown to hike decease rates. Environmental pollution Environmental pollution or pollution is the add-on of any substance ( foods ) or signifier of energy ( e.g. , heat, sound, radiation ) to the environment at a rate faster than the environment can suit it by scattering, dislocation, recycling, or storage in some harmless signifier. A pollutant demand non be harmful in itself. Carbon dioxide, for illustration, is a normal constituent of the ambiance and a byproduct of respiration that is found in all carnal tissues ; yet in a concentrated signifier it can kill animate beings. Human sewerage can be a utile fertiliser, but when concentrated excessively extremely it becomes a serious pollutant, endangering wellness and doing the depletion of O in organic structures of H2O. By contrast, radiation in any measure is harmful to life, despite the fact that it occurs usually in the environment as alleged background radiation. Pollution has accompanied mankind of all time since groups of people foremost congregated and remained for a long clip in any one topographic point. Crude human colonies can be recognized by their pollutants — blast hills and rubble tonss. But pollution was non a serious job every bit long as there was adequate infinite available for each person or group. With the constitution of lasting human colonies by great Numberss of people, nevertheless, pollution became a job and has remained one of all time since. Cities of ancient times were frequently noxious topographic points, fouled by human wastes and dust. In the Middle Ages, insanitary urban conditions favoured the eruption of population-decimating epidemics. During the nineteenth century, H2O and air pollution and the accretion of solid wastes were mostly the jobs of merely a few big metropoliss. But, with the rise of advanced engineering and with the rapid spread of industrialisation and the attendant addition in human popul ations to unprecedented degrees, pollution has become a cosmopolitan job. Of all the pollutants released into the environment every twelvemonth by human activity, Persistent Organic Pollutants or POPs are among the most unsafe. They are extremely toxic, doing an array of inauspicious effects, notably decease, disease, and birth defects, among worlds and animate beings. Specific effects can include malignant neoplastic disease, allergic reactions and hypersensitivity, harm to the cardinal and peripheral nervous systems, generative upsets, and break of the immune system. These extremely stable compounds can last for old ages or decennaries before interrupting down. POPs released in one portion of the universe can, through a repeated and frequently seasonal procedure of vaporization, sedimentation, vaporization, sedimentation, be transported through the ambiance to parts far off from the original beginning. In add-on, POPs dressed ore in life beings through another procedure called bioaccumulation. Though non soluble in H2O, POPs are readily absorbed in fatty tissue, where concentrations can go magnified by up to 70,000 times the background degrees. Fish, predatory birds, mammals, and worlds are high up the nutrient concatenation and so absorb the greatest concentrations. Depletion of the Ozone Layer Scientists besides fear that the ozonosphere ( or ozone bed of the ambiance ) is being depleted by the chemical action of CFCs emitted from aerosol tins and iceboxs and by pollutants from projectiles and supersonic aircraft. Depletion of the ozone bed, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, would hold serious effects on life beings on the Earth ‘s surface, including increasing frequence of skin malignant neoplastic disease among worlds. Acid Rain Another climatic consequence of pollution is acerb rain. The phenomenon occurs when sulfur dioxide and N oxides from the combustion of fossil fuels combine with H2O vapor in the ambiance. The ensuing precipitation is damaging to H2O, wood, and dirt resources. It is blamed for the disappearing of fish from many lakes in the Adirondacks, for the widespread decease of woods in European mountains, and for damaging tree growing in the United States and Canada. Reports besides indicate that it can eat edifices and be risky to human wellness. Because the contaminations are carried long distances, the beginnings of acid rain are hard to nail and therefore hard to command. Acid rain has been reported in countries as far apart as Sweden and Canada. The drifting of pollutants doing acid rain across international boundaries has created dissensions between Canada and the United States and among European states over the causes and solutions of the precipitation. The international range of the job has led to the sign language of international understandings on the restriction of S and N oxide emanations. Eutrophication and Oligotrophication Freshwater ecosystems go through eutrophication or oligotrophication. Eutrophication is an aging procedure in the life rhythm of a lake, pool or decelerate traveling watercourse. When this occurs a batch of dead organic affair settees at the underside of the H2O. It all decomposes and signifiers an evergrowing bed of silt. This can take many thousand old ages to finish. The other aging procedure is known as oligotropication. This is a the entire antonym of eutrophication, it is alimentary hapless. Lakes face to basic sorts of environmental jobs which are: menaces to H2O quality and the impairment of shoreland. Pollution by industries, transportation and hapless agricultural patterns have led to toxic condition of the H2O. Besides changes in temperature lead to accelerated eutrophication. Eutrophication is an overload of different foods in the H2O which put an inordinate demand on the O content of the H2O, ensuing in the chemical-biological decease of a lake. Some of the universe ‘s major lakes presently suffer from such jobs. The effects of pollution on land ( and in H2O ) are to favor small-bodied, quickly reproducing beings that do non depend on complex nutrient webs. The procedure of simplification and poverty is now planetary and affects tellurian and aquatic communities likewise. It is the continuously spread outing consequence of chronic invasions on natural systems by human influences. The poverty threatens all life because it reduces consistently the capacity of the Earth to back up workss. The writers of Foods in European Ecosystems say natural lakes, unreal reservoirs, rivers, coastal Marine Waterss and tellurian ecosystems are all affected to changing grades of badness by alimentary surpluss. In most instances, the harm varies merely by geographic part. Many reservoirs functioning indispensable utilizations such as public H2O supplies and irrigation are among the most affected by eutrophication because they are, of necessity, located near to countries of intense human activity. The study says eutrophication is a major issue in still H2O environments but, even after decennaries of scientific research, there are really few monitoring programmes in being. In rivers, the most widespread pollutant in geographic footings is P, which consequences in the development of big measures of seasonal works growing, taking to other types of impact such as flustered O and pH rhythms, organic pollution and monolithic growing of toxic algae. The study besides confirms that extra ammonium is present in many rivers. Excessive degrees of nitrates, observed in many old surveies, represent a widespread debasement of river H2O and, locally, nitrate concentrations may forestall human utilizations of H2O. In coastal Marine Waterss, the frequence and geographic extent of eutrophication phenomena are increasing, even in marine countries antecedently believed to be unaffected. In tellurian ecosystems, alimentary impacts appear to be serious because of the uncertainness of recovery of the land-based systems, taking to losingss of species and ecosystems. The application of alimentary decrease policies is patchy, says the study. But the writers found it hard to measure the effectivity of these policies because of the general scarceness of informations refering primary causes, emanations and the position of ecosystems. All the necessary datasets are non available at European or national degree, and do non even exist at all in some states. It was merely possible to obtain a little fraction of the bing informations, and this fraction was deficient to bring forth a full appraisal. Commercial trade of works and animate being species Commercial trade of life animate beings and workss every bit good as in the merchandises derived from them is besides a terrible menace to biodiversity. Demands by affluent states for certain animate being and works merchandises create peculiarly terrible jobs in less flush states. The trade in endangered species of wildlife is exemplifying. The demand for pelts and teguments of rare carnal species is unnaturally created in the manner Centres of the universe. Monetary values paid by affluent people for these points in flush states exceed the lifetime income of most people in the states from which the leopards, crocodiles, Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams, and other wild species come. Poachers go to great lengths to obtain these animate beings wherever they can be found, including inside national Parkss and militias. Because effectual policing is virtually impossible, legal and illegal trade in wildlife Begin to overlap, and both become steadfastly established. Exporters of wild anim ate beings and their merchandises are the terminal links of profitable concern ironss that include far greater Numberss of huntsmans and trappers in distant countries. Furthermore, for each animate being or tegument that reaches a foreign market, many more are destroyed in hunting, caparison, and transporting. Introductions of non-native ( foreign ) species A major subscriber to depletion and extinction, 2nd merely to habitat loss, is the debut of species into new environments. These transplanted signifiers are called exotics. Every debut of alien species that become established consequences in alterations to the having ecosystem. Unfortunately, most of the ascertained effects have been damaging and irreparable by displacing native species, and changing trophic degree construction. Introduced species frequently prey on many parts of an already established nutrient web or compete with autochthonal species for resources such as nutrient or infinite. Without any natural marauders, encroachers can endanger or even extinguish autochthonal species. They besides carry with them the menace of new diseases which can destruct vulnerable native dwellers. In some countries, native species are on the threshold of extinction due to the debut of an alien species. Speciess have sometimes invaded new home grounds of course ( e.g. when land Bridgess have become established ) but human geographic expedition and colonisation has dramatically increased the spread of alien species. Whenever adult male has settled far off from place, he has tried to present his familiar animate beings and workss. Many other species ( e.g. rats ) have been by chance transported around the universe. The first instances were from European adventurers, who frequently released caprine animals and hogs so that later colonisers had an abundant beginning of familiar carnal protein, and colonisers so brought more of the same. Some of our most abundant wild animate beings and workss, particularly those that do good in urban or disturbed countries, are introduced species that have become established. For illustration, the starling, cabbage-white butterfly, eucalyptus tree, mustard, many grasses, etc. Most insect and works plagues are alien species. It is estimated that at least 4,000 alien works and 2,300 alien animate being species are now established in the United States. Many exotics have black effects on native vegetations and zoologies. They frequently leave behind the factors that have evolved with them and that control their population and spread. In their new home ground there may be fewer marauders or diseases, so their populations grow out of control. Prey beings may non hold evolved defence mechanisms and native species may non vie successfully for infinite or nutrient, so are frequently pushed to extinction. Since alien species are self-perpetuating, they can hold permanency unmatched by other menaces to biodiversity including overuse and habitat loss. Exotics are a factor lending to the endangered or threatened position of 42 % of animate beings and workss on the U.S. endangered species list. The spread of exotics replaces healthy, diverse ecosystems with biologically impoverished, homogenous landscapes. For illustration, topographic points with a Mediterranean clime in southern Australia, the U.S. west seashore, Chile and South Africa antecedently had few works species in common ( although they did demo many illustrations of convergent development, taking to similar landscapes ) . They now portion 100s of weedy alien species, chiefly from the Mediterranean part. Familial technology The term familial technology ab initio meant any of a broad scope of techniques for the alteration or use of beings through the procedures of heredity and reproduction. As such, the term embraced both unreal choice and all the intercessions of biomedical techniques, among them unreal insemination, in vitro fertilisation ( e.g. , â€Å" test-tube † babes ) , sperm Bankss, cloning, and cistron use. But the term now denotes the narrower field of recombinant DNA engineering, or cistron cloning, in which DNA molecules from two or more beginnings are combined either within cells or in vitro and are so inserted into host beings in which they are able to propagate. Genetic technology has advanced the apprehension of many theoretical and practical facets of cistron map and organisation. Through recombinant DNA techniques, bacteriums have been created that are capable of synthesising human insulin, human growing endocrine, alpha interferon, a hepatitis B vaccinum, and other medically utile substances. Plants may be genetically adjusted to enable them to repair N, and familial diseases can perchance be corrected by replacing â€Å" bad † cistrons with â€Å" normal † 1s. Nevertheless, particular concern has been focused on such accomplishments for fright that they might ensue in the debut of unfavorable and perchance unsafe traits into ( micro ) organisms that were antecedently free of them — e.g. , opposition to antibiotics, production of toxins, or a inclination to do disease ( De Valk, 2005 ) . How to cite Dramatic Successes In Eradicating Small Pox Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

National Gallery of Victoria Celebrates

Question: Discuss about the Report for the National Gallery of Victoria Celebrates. Answer: Introduction: The National Gallery of Victoria (also known as and referred to as NGV) is one of the most well known art galleries that are there in Australia. This art museum is based in the city of Melbourne that is one of the most multi cultural cities of the country. This art gallery is a house of endless pieces of art and pieces that belongs to various genres of disciplines and also exhibits various types of styles. This gallery also is one of the most prestigious hosts for the various international exhibitions in Australia(Ngv, 2011). The NGV is dedicated to the task of collecting, conserving and also of presenting art in the most unique manner. This art gallery also has one of the most unique ways in which it has designed and has planned to attract a larger number of patrons so that the business of the gallery can be accentuated and maximized. In the current reflective report I shall be making a reflection on the various things that I have learned, the ways in which I have learned these principles and also the plans that I do have of applying them to my own workplace and my own projects that I am dealing with currently(Wordpress, 2011). Reflection of my learning experiences: The very first thing that I shall mention and shall initiate this particular section of the report is that the various means that have been designed and implemented by the NGV happens to be very different from the ones that are generally followed in the other companies from the other industries. The authorities and the management of this gallery have given a lot of importance to the aspect of experiential learning. In this context one thing that needs to be seen is that the participants of this marketing program did have a very different experience. At least this is what I can say about the experience that I had in this place. Here while we were in the discussion regarding the problem identification and also the probable solution, one thing that I never felt, unlike the other training programs, the boredom of long stretched hours of training. In fact the learning style in NGV was very different, unique and refreshing. The batch of the attendees did consist of a wide number of people who did come from the various parts of the world and also the natives of Australia. Here as it was evident that the relaxed teaching style of NGV did bring out the best of every attendee out here. The different marketing strategies that were discussed in NGV clearly spoke of the theory of design thinking being applied in the context of marketing gimmicks. The trainers and the management at the NGV were increasingly encouraging out of the box thinking that shall allow the person to come up with different techniques of attracting the gamut of new customers. In fact I can say that my learning experience at NGV not just turned out to be fun, refreshing and relaxing but at the same time it also gave me an idea that learning happens best when it is done in the most enjoyable manner. Saying this it is imperative to mention that the enthusiasm of all the participants at the NGV night clearly showed the success of the ideas of the NGV authorities that they had designed to attract larger gamut of customers and art lovers. In fact the marketing strategy that was fumed by the NGV did try to offer the customers and the art lovers much more than just a great exhibit of fine arts and paintings. The NG V was trying to offer their customers a total experience as a package. This package shall not juts contain of looking at stunning pieces of art but also an evening that shall be the most exciting one endorsed with great food, lovely music and a fine place to socialise and have a good time with friends and family. The authenticity of the plan did get re flected from the fact that the people who were attending the marketing program at NGV 9NGV nights) did happen to thoroughly enjoy themselves. Reflection of my learning outcomes: The program on marketing techniques and strategy happens to be one that has given me a large number of new ideas and techniques. Most of the marketing techniques and strategies that I have come across till date had aimed at attracting the customers by telling them what can they attain and benefit from by using the said products and services. In most of the cases these marketing gimmicks included projection of the product or the service through the various channels of media. This particular method aimed at providing the experience to the customers instead of just telling them the benefits that they can attain and enjoy. Here we see that to attract the customers and the art lovers, the management of the gallery changed the gallery into a wholesome experience of family and friends outing and great evenings. Hence this strategy did speak of the importance and the force of social enjoyment, a place where one can come with friends, family and dear ones and have a wholesome experience of enjoyment. Timing it seemed to be is the most important aspect that can define a good marketing plan from an average one. It is not exactly important that what you are furnishing to your customers. What is also important is the timing in which you are offering the idea. To explain further it can be aid that winter creams if comes with an offer of glycerine soaps, it shall be considered to be an average offer during the summers. The seasons or the time when this offer shall be considered to be a lucrative one has to be the winters. This is a strategy that happens to be applicable in various contexts and for different industries. Here we see that the offer of NGV nights which were made available during the Wednesday evenings did not spark the required or the desired effect. Hence the timing was wrong and very much in adequate in its planning. Hence the management changed the timing to Friday evenings when it was a weekend and the most likely time when people would like to come out and have a nice relaxing time with their loved ones. The quality of the offer is also a major catch for the marketing program. In the case of NGV we see that the choice of music and cuisine that were offered did happen to be very much suitable s per the tastes ad he preferences of the people who came to the art gallery. Hence one of the most important things that reflected from the marketing strategy is that the plan to attract the customers has to be based on a thorough research of the customers themselves. In case the company is able to understand the customers well, only then can they easily make an offer to the customers that shall interest them adequately. Out of the box thinking and innovative ideas happens to be very important for the success of the brand and the company and also for the company to maintain a position of dominance over the market. This is important since all the companies shall be trying the same old tricks for gaining advantage over their rivals. This is a process that in the long run can become very repetitive. The element of surprise happens to be missing that easily bores the customers. This is again something that I did realise out of the NGV nights. After all the people who shall be coming to the gallery would expect to see a great art exhibition. The last thing that they shall expect is a great music with food drinks and music. This shall be a welcome change and great refreshment for the people who are coming to art gallery. The element of surprise is always something is created best out of design thinking. Reflection on my intention to integrate the learning at my workplace: The examples of marketing strategy that I did come across in NGV are particularly interesting. They are ideas that even if cannot be implemented in every business as they were being used in NGV, yet these ideas can always inspire people in the marketing to think in a different manner. The experience that I had gained out of this training program shall remain to be a great inspiration for me. As a marketing team member I had generally been guided by the regular norms of marketing. One aspect of such gimmicks was to increase the visibility f the product. This could be done through active and aggressive marketing and branding promotional woks and also use of various types of media. The other form of marketing gimmicks did happen to concentrate on making offers that shall attract the customers and will drive them away from their customers our rivals. Soon after attending this program I shall now make some serious brain storming sessions with the help of my other team members. One thing t hat I did understand and also plan to implement is that these brain storming sessions must always happen to the entire teams and not just individuals. In this context we see that when brain storming happens for the entire teams better and more applicable abstract and new ideas can be struck and applied to the context of the company. This time the new plan of marketing shall be including the customers in the experience of the use of the product and not merely informing them of the benefits of using the products and the services of the company. This is a process that can help to bind the customers in a more solid and close relationship with the firm. This is practise that can help the company to get the attention and also the loyalty of the customers. Generally we see that the companies o offer information and only information and no real experience of using the product or the services of the company. Hence in case of a company amidst this calculated general rule offers something new that can help to excite and attract the customer better. Thinking out of the box can actually help a company to design the most effective marketing plans. These plans can help in the process of making super dominating positions of any brand in the market. This is the basic concept that has dawned onto me after I had attended the marketing program with NGV Nights. The element of surprise can always do wonders for the company that can also create a stronger relation between a company and its customers. Personal SWOT Analysis SWOT or strength, weakness, opportunities and threat analysis escalates personal understanding of position where individual belongs and which are the areas to be improved for making an individual as a brand. As specified, strength and weakness are internal aspects which can be improved through personal effort while opportunities and threats are external aspects which are to be adjudged properly to find the remedies. Strength Learning of the curriculum properly and quickly International marketing experience Enriched knowledge base through studying the course Weakness More critical analysis of any situation which lead negative impact some times My ability to grasp other subject Opportunities Practical knowledge through the various course studies in different sphere of professional career. Application of the knowledge in the practical field of MBA to make me as Brand. Threats Arising of situation which confuses me about the next course of action Lack of leadership element to handle crisis management Refer to above analysis, the main emphasis is to be given on making strong foundation of knowledge with application in practical field irrespective of the trade. The threats are to be handled with both features of knowledge base and practical experience. The weaknesses are to be mitigated through constant endeavour to enhance the knowledge base and with the knowledge to implement in the practical filed of operation irrespective of the nature of trade. Brand identity creation Brand is treated as an intangible asset which cannot be seen nor felt, but realised with the impact of this. It is often found that brand creation is mainly involved in any product or service placed in the market. In case of personal bran creation of MBA professional, it is the value addition to the individual which is generated through learning, education and successful application of the same in different spheres of professional world. Being a successful MBA professional, an individual should insist on value addition through various factors like solid knowledge base of basics of MBA, enhancement of the knowledge base by upgrading with present situation, ability to apply the knowledge in the practical field irrespective of the nature of business handled by a MBA professional, and successful value addition to the situation which deserves special effort from a MBA professional. Conclusion: On a concluding note the experience of the NGV nights did happen to be very enlightening for me. It gave me a great idea that could help m to attract greater gamut o customers through marketing strategies and programs. This is a perspective of a marketing person. However room the point of view of a HR person the NGV nights also did offer a great program of training the company workforce. Only when the marketing team gets a good idea of the feel of the experience that they shall be offering their own clients can they work to improve their marketing plans better. Hence the HR also has to treat the same way the marketing team plans to treat their customers. The project of marketing strategy implementation has to begin with the internal customers the workforce of the company itself. Only when the projects of branding are first tried on the workforce of the company first can one understand the real affectivity of the plans better. The NGV Nights also helped to realise the fact that the best ambience to learn is one that is relaxed and one in which a person can enjoy. No work can be successful without being fun. This is what reached out to be first and the best of all. References: Ngv. (2011, February 03). The National Gallery of Victoria Celebrates 150 Years. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from Ngv: https://www.ngv.vic.gov.au/media_release/the-national-gallery-of-victoria-celebrates-150-years/ Wordpress. (2011). The National Gallery of Victoria recent publications. Retrieved October 18, 2016, from Wordpress: https://arthistoriography.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/ngv-article-for-journal-of-art-historiography.pdf

Creating a Group in Society

Group Population Students at risk are those vulnerable to expulsion owing to their weak academic performance. In the recent past, scholars have been engaging in constant research to establish some of the factors that predispose students to poor academic performance, which dispose them to risks of being expelled from school.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Creating a Group in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is established that some conditions expose new college students from high school to poor results, making college life more difficult. Some of these factors are related to the school environment while others are directly associated with the peer group. The peer group influences the performance of an individual even in their social life. Peer pressure may force a student to engage in activities that are parallel to the academic standards. These factors cause a major drop in grades while in extreme cases, student’s think of dropping out of school. For the group that I intend to work with, the major problem is to help them avoid academic probation and possible expulsion from college due to ongoing poor academic performance. York College City University of New York administration puts SEEK (Search for Education, Elevation, and Knowledge) students whose grade point average is below a 2.4 on academic probation. Therefore, the main challenge is to ensure that students achieve the desired grade point average of 2.5 or above. Since students are disinterested in attending the mandated workshops, I intend to come up with strategies that would help in encouraging the students to join The SEEK Academic Challenge for Excellence (ACE) group. The group will be aiming at recruiting freshmen, sophomores, and juniors who are in the SEEK Program, and their performance is not satisfactory. The main challenge for these students is that they are first-generation college students. They have little skills as regards to academic life in college (Oldfield, 2012). I chose to form a group that would benefit students academically because students attain low grades not because they are mentally weak, but because of some factors that predispose them to poor performance. Some of the issues that the group seeks to address include time management, study skills, encouragement/empowerment, recognizing strengths, and goals.Advertising Looking for proposal on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The school environment has a role to play as far as improvement of grades is concerned. Lecturers should come up with advanced or refined instructional plans in case they realize that some students need special attention (Yalom, Leszcz, 2005). In a class set up, not all students are in a position to comprehend the course material at the same pace. It is upon the school administration to ensure that the lesson plans cater to the needs of all students, including the disabled and the vulnerable. Tutors should understand the problems facing students and come up with adequate measures to resolve the problems. This would be another area of focus since the group will come up with ways through which instructional plans and pedagogical strategies would be adjusted. Benefits of Using Group Approach In modern society, issues affecting individuals are resolved inside groups mainly because of the efficiency and effectiveness of the group. People organize meetings and informal discussions whereby they express their views and ideas in an attempt to resolve the issue at hand. In the group that I am just to form, members share similar problems because they are all at risk of being sent to academic probation owing to poor performance. Their main concern is to improve their academic grades to prevent being put on probation. If utilized fully, groups can address the issues affecting the population. In this case, groups s hould be used in the right place and at the right time. It should be noted that groups are not always successful in all scenarios. Groups are only used under special circumstances. In this regard, some factors must be considered before deciding whether to use group intervention. For instance, the social worker must consider whether the issue that affects students could be explained in various ways. In the case given, the issue can be defined variously meaning that the group approach would be applied successfully (Weisman, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Creating a Group in Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the issue at hand needs information from various sources because a single problem does not cause the underperformance of students. Since information is to be sourced from various places, group approach is the perfect model. The problem under scrutiny is a special problem implying tha t the services of an expert would not be enough to explain it. Indeed, the expert could be biased because he or she may have a narrower understanding, which means the solutions reached would be restricted. Finally, the group approach would be productive for students because the problem affects all of them. Some of the benefits of group approach include greater output and cross-fertilization. Students will give various opinions on how to improve academically. Each student has his or her own experiences, views, values, and knowledge regarding the problem. Therefore, the contribution of many students would be necessary to understand the problem from various viewpoints. Cross-fertilization means that the views of another person could be used to generate an idea. In other words, it would give members an opportunity to brainstorm ideas. Another benefit is that the group approach does not have biases as compared to an expert approach. In case biases come about, Swifach and Heft-LaPorte (20 07) observed that the group could easily counter them. The pressure of the group forces an individual to embrace change. In a group setting, members are willing to take risks as compared to an expert or other approaches. Members are more realistic in a group approach because they are aware that their ideas would be assessed and would be analyzed so carefully. The group approach is beneficial because members are highly committed to the exercise as compared to the expert approach whereby an individual believes the expert has a solution to his or her problem.Advertising Looking for proposal on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Since members would be suffering from similar problems, they would be willing to communicate freely as compared to an expert approach whereby an individual would be reluctant to give all details in fear of retribution. Finally, the group approach facilitates the designing of better solutions. Preferred Type of Group Approach The type of social group to be established is secondary because the emotional ties between students are very weak. Students would be forming the group to address the main problem, which is avoiding academic probation and improving academic performance. However, the approach would take social identification approach (Social Goals Model) as compared to social cohesion approach. The group would not be defined based on expressions, but instead, the definition would be based on perceptual or cognitive processes. Under the model, it is assumed that students would be keen to act or work together generally because of the existence of a regular type of membership. A grou p, in this case, would have conceptualized some of the values that would act as a guiding principle towards the attainment of common goals and values. The group would be aiming at improving its performance other than strengthening emotional ties. In other words, a group member would be aiming at answering the question ‘who am I’ instead of ‘who am I attracted to.’ The main purpose of the group would be to cultivate necessary skills that would help members to develop academically (Cohen, Doel, Quirke, Ring, Ruwaida, 2012). The above approach is derived from the social identity theory, which states that an individual’s self-concept is obtained from the supposed membership in an appropriate social group. The theory explains the behavior of individuals in intergroup behavior. The group to be formed would be an intergroup because members would be drawn from various groups. The students were faced with expulsion could be members of other groups, which mig ht even be primary groups that social cohesion approach would be used to understand them. The theory explains the differences that could emerge within the group owing to the differences in status. The theory posits that the in-group member would pursue a goal that fulfills his or her interest instead of the interests of the whole group. In this regard, the individual may decide to be a member of an intergroup mainly to fulfill his or her interests. In the group that I intend to form, members would be drawn from various social classes and categories from freshmen to juniors because underperformance is not restricted to class or category. A member from any in-group, irrespective of gender, class, and status, would join freely. Challenges Associated with Group Intervention Leading a group is one of the most challenging tasks that a social worker can come across. This is mainly because members of the group come from different backgrounds, with varying values, beliefs, experiences, and p rinciples. The main role of the social worker is to ensure that the group comes together to accomplish the main task. For this kind of group, finding a common ground that would enable each student to express his or her ideas freely is a major problem. Students come from different backgrounds meaning that the causes of their academic underperformance are not similar. Therefore, the social worker should come up with a common strategy aiming at improving the performance of the student, irrespective of the ethnic or racial background. This would demand that each student compromises to suit into the common strategy (Birnbaum, Cicchetti, 2005). It is established that challenges would vary from motivating students, encouraging them to pursue the common goals, and ensuring that they are managed well. These are serious challenges that may overpower the social worker if adequate strategies are not adopted.   Students should be encouraged to work together to achieve the main goal. Without m otivation, it would be difficult to achieve the desired results because students would even be reluctant to attend the meetings and discussions. The group would not go far in case members lack interest.   Only interested members would be willing to pursue a common goal. The social worker must work so closely with students to achieve the desired results. The social worker should first ensure that students are satisfied in the group by providing an enabling environment.  For the agency context (the school), the students should be given learning strategies that are consistent with the provisions of the school rules and regulations. Motivation should be conducted in a way that would be beneficial to the school. Members of the group should be encouraged to liaise with their professors and other school administrators whenever they have an issue that threatens their academic life. The school administration has a critical role to play as far as the academic improvement of students is co ncerned. A solution cannot be reached without involving the school administration in discussions. The teaching staff should be consulted to give their views on the possible direction that the social worker should take to ensure that students improve. Lecturers know their students because they interact with them weekly. Regarding the community, the specific unit to be involved in the formulation of policies is the peer group. The peer group should be made to understand that supporting each other is the only way that would help them in achieving success. Some peer groups rarely support each other, yet they expect strong results in their academic performance. The student needs to be motivated by all stakeholders, including the peer group and the school. For the clients, the challenges related to motivation and encouragement is better resolved by providing role models. The challenges are better addressed through encouraging communication among key stakeholders, as well as motivating mem bers to take action whenever they feel that something is wrong. Eight Headings The social context in this sense represents the environment in which the interactions between group members would take place. The social environment has a significant impact on the behavior of members because it shapes their aspirations and objectives. One of the social contexts in my group is the mission of the institution. The main mission of the college is to achieve academic excellence by eliminating poor performance. The school shapes the behavior of students because it makes them work harder. Another social factor to be considered is the attitude of the school towards the group. The attitude of the school is already negative since it perceives that these students are academically challenged who should be sent home or they need to join other institutions. One role of the social worker is to change the attitude of the school (Berger, 2009). The school needs to develop a positive attitude towards the g roup. One other factor to consider is the specific needs of students meaning that each student’s aspirations and objectives should be put into consideration when forming the ACE group. Client Needs This refers to the problems, issues, wants, and major concerns of group members. In this case, the needs of the group to be formed include emotional support and academic skills that would help them achieve high grades in various subjects. It should be noted that both individual and group needs must be evaluated carefully before coming up with some of the strategies to mitigate the problems. The role of the worker would be to identify the needs of students, the current strategies being applied to resolve the problems, and establish effective strategies to enable students to improve academically. It is suggested that the needs of the client should always be prioritized, as opposed to individual aspirations (Berger, 2009)). The group is under a serious threat of being disbanded from t he school; hence all efforts should be towards preventing probation. Group Purpose The purpose refers to the specific and general objectives of the group. Without the purpose, the group would not do not have a specific agenda. The group would be put up specifically to improve academic performance. However, other general objectives such as strengthening each other emotionally and talking about other issues that affect youths in modern society, including social relationships would be of the essence. It is factual that many young adults in the institutions of higher learning are faced with numerous problems, which leads to poor performance. Therefore, it is the role of the social worker to establish some of these problems and incorporate them into the main objectives of the group (Berger, 2009). The social worker will work hard to ensure that personal differences do not affect the group. In other words, the social worker will come up with a collective objective for all members. Group C omposition Apart from establishing the major purpose for the group, the social worker has a role of ensuring that the group is accepted both socially and legally by keeping in mind the required composition of the group. The group should include both genders for it to be accepted. When forming the group, I will ensure that the number is reasonable meaning that it is manageable. A group with an extensive membership is sometimes difficult to control meaning that it would be difficult for it to achieve some of the missions. I will also ensure that ethnicity and issues related to race are taken into consideration since forming a group consisting only one race or ethnic group would be unlawful. As earlier noted, the group will be an open group because it would be disbanded after the accomplishment of the major objective. Those targeted are students at risk who are between 18-25 years. However, only those students with perceived similar goals and objectives would be encouraged to join the group. Group Structure The structures of the group entail the organization of members into units for management purposes. The group would have a specified time limit whereby it would be in place until the time when each student will attain the required grade to prevent him or her from being subjected to probation. Moreover, the group will decide on the number of times that it will be meeting each week. This is upon the realization that the performance of students can only improve if they frequently meet to share their achievements and some of the challenges that might arise as they continue with their program. In terms of the sitting arrangement, the group will adopt the classroom setting whereby the social worker will be acting as a teacher, and the students will express their issue of concern one after the other. In other words, the sessions will be very interactive. Group Content The content refers to some of the materials that the social worker will employ in ensuring that stude nts receive the best service. The group will utilize discussions on the importance of attendance and share other critical information on academics. At times worker will provide handouts on time/stress management, study skills, and information on how to be successful in college. Students are welcome to share other problems that may be affecting their academic success. Formation Strategy Formation strategy refers to the process of recruiting members to the group. In this regard, members will be allowed to join the group without necessarily subscribing. However, a critical assessment will be conducted to establish whether the interested individual is affected by academically. The main aim of the group is to improve the performance of students meaning that only those with grade point averages below a 2.5 and considered â€Å"At Risk† would be encouraged to join. The worker will reach out to students through flyers, emails, and phone calls. The worker will arrange an appointment t o meet with students individually and have them fill out a questionnaire that asks open-ended questions. Based on the data from the questionnaire, the worker will conduct her discussions. Questionnaires are anonymous. However, they are required to identify their category as a freshman, sophomore, junior or senior. Evaluation strategy For any group to prosper, a thorough evaluation should be conducted. This entails analyzing the performance of the group to ensure that the goals and the set objectives are achieved within the stipulated time. In case it is found out that the group is performing as initially intended, the strategies are adjusted to ensure that desired results are achieved. The group can as well be disbanded if the main objective is not being achieved. The evaluation takes place before, during, and after the program. The worker will evaluate the student’s progress by reviewing their grades at the end of the semester. Readings I utilized three materials to understa nd the process of group formation in social work. The book by Yalom and Leszcz gave some of the basic skills needed in establishing a strong group, which would indeed achieve its objectives. One of the three readings was a book while the other was a peer-reviewed journal article. The book by Yalom and Leszcz gave the theoretical basis while the journal served as an example in forming the group. Theoretically, the formation of a group entails the understanding of the dynamics of various forms of groups such as primary and secondary groups. Each form of a group has a general purpose, which is always similar in all categories of social groups. However, it is the role of the social worker to ensure that the group attains the desired goals at the right time and within the stipulated time. I realized that my group would be a secondary type because students do not know each other emotionally. They come from various social backgrounds, but they have to work together to achieve their academi c dreams. The article by Marsiglia, Pena, Nieri, and Nagoshi (2010) gave me the real steps that are to be followed in establishing a group. The article by Weisman (2000) was also of value because it talks about the programs that are always utilized in the field of social work. The scholar gives some of the social work curriculums in social work, which include group intervention strategies. First Meeting In the first meeting with the members of the group, the main agenda would be to introduce myself to the members. The members will also introduce themselves, as well as their academic problems. This comes upon the realization that students underperform because of various problems. Some students do not engage in private studies while others have problems concentrating in class. Others lack encouragement because of peer issues and issues related to socialization (Bergel, Clements, 2010). Understanding the issues affecting each student would be critical in designing intervention strateg ies. In the first session, students will be encouraged to give their views without the fear of intimidation. They will be informed that their problems will only be resolved if they describe them in detail. As earlier noted, the first session will be interactive whereby each person is given a considerable time to express him or herself in detail. The social worker will play the role of the moderator whereby all views will be recorded, and further clarifications will be sought from students. The main goal in the first session would be to understand the real problems affecting the students, which lead to underperformance in class. It should be understood that underperformance is attributed to several factors. Others perform poorly because they lack support, while others have serious time management and study skills issues. Three Major Critical Skills The three major critical skills include storming, forming, and adjourning. These three skills have been proved to work effectively in the formation of groups, especially in the first stages. Forming stage refers to directing the group and ascertaining objectives in a clear manner. This would be executed through the establishment of the group charter whereby each member would be given his or her role. Storming is another critical skill that is very important in the formation of the group. It includes establishing a process and the structure through which membership would be based. The social worker would remain firm and straight to control the behavior of members. At this stage, conflicts would emerge because some members may give views that are not in line with the group’s interests. As a leader, I will be ready to handle the conflicts through the application of conflict resolution strategies, such as negotiation (Marsiglia, Pena, Nieri, Nagoshi, 2010). The third critical skill is adjourning whereby each member will be informed of the next meeting and what to expect before closing the meeting. The meeting wil l not be closed unless each member has contributed by giving his or her view. The Challenge The challenge that is expected is bringing together various members belonging to different classes, ethnicities, and races. This is a challenge because members from a certain ethnic group or social class would be unwilling to cooperate with other members perceived to be from an inferior group. At this stage, the social worker will make all members understand that all human beings are equal, irrespective of their skin color, social status, and ethnic groupings. The group is expected to achieve its objectives in the shortest time possible. Time is of the essence in this group since students are in the risk of being put under academic probation. References Bergel, B., D Clements, J. (2010). Supporting ourselves: Group work interventions for compassion fatigue. Group work, 20(2), 7-23. Berger, R. (2009). Encounter of a racially mixed group with stressful situations. Group work, 19(3), 57-76. Bir nbaum, M.L., Cicchetti, A. (2005). A model for working with the group life cycle in each group session across the life span of the group. Group work, 15(3), 23-43. Cohen, C.S., Doel, M., Quirke, D., Ring, K.A., Ruwaida, S. (2012). Global group work: Honoring processes and outcomes. Group work, 22(1), 78-98. Marsiglia, F.F., Pena, V., Nieri, T., Nagoshi, J.L. (2010). Real groups: The design and immediate effects of a prevention intervention for Latino children. Social Work with Group, 33(3), 103-121. Oldfield, K. (2012). Still humble and hopeful: Two more recommendations on welcoming first-generation poor and working-class students to college. About Campus, 17(5), 2-13. Swifach, J., Heft-LaPorte, H. (2007). A model for group work practice with Ultra-Orthodox Jewish victims of domestic violence: A qualitative study. Social Work with Groups, 30(3), 29-45. Weisman, C. (2000). Reminiscence: group work principles withstanding time-from the settlement house to the United Nations. Socia l Work with Groups, 23(3), 5-19. Yalom, I. D., Leszcz, M. (2005). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy (5th ed.). New York: Basic Books. This proposal on Creating a Group in Society was written and submitted by user Giada Prince to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free sample - The Wal-Mart Organization. translation missing

The Wal-Mart Organization. The Wal-Mart OrganizationTraining evaluation and its effectiveness There are many types of training evaluation used but the Wal-Mart Organization adopted the input evaluation method because it was relevant to the organization. Input evaluation is used to assess all the elements associated with the training based on the selection of trainers, trainees, materials, venue, curriculum plan, and the cost (Tessaring Descy, 2004). The training evaluation method is effective because it met all what I expected from the training. The training was helpful because I learnt many new things, which will assist me, improve on my performance in the organization. According to the participant’s views and comments after the training, they were satisfied that the training was helpful. Most of them recommended that such training sessions should be organized regularly to equip them with new skills and knowledge (Tessaring Descy, 2004). The effectiveness of the training evaluation would be determined by the on how the participants answer the question and how they will conduct themselves at the work place. Evaluation design Evaluation design is a conceptual framework or a logical model that is used to come up with a conclusion (Tessaring Descy, 2004). The following the evaluation design I adopted. Who are the primary audience? The primary audience in this case is the employees of the Wal-Mart Organization. What is the primary purpose? The main aim or the purpose is to train them on how evaluation is done and its importance to them and to the organization in general. What is the best method of collecting information? Using questionnaires was the most appropriate method because it will be detailed and the respondents will be free to provide the required information in accordance to the questions asked and the information needed. How will the information be analyzed? The information will be analyzed based on the questions and information in the questionnaires. For example, graphs may be used if it contains a lot of figures and a summary if it contains only some comments and explanations (Tessaring Descy, 2004). How will the information be reported? It can be in form of a written report or a presentation is done to the employees if there is enough time and all employees will be available during presentation. Since I will the one reporting the findings, I would prefer to do a presentation so that all employees can participate fully and ask questions for further clarification (Tessaring Descy, 2004). It is important for an organization to have a clear evaluation design because this is the only way of providing a solution to the problems affecting the organization and the employees as well. Lack of clear understanding by the employees of what evaluation is, may lead to problems when the results are out on an individual employee on his or her performance (Tessaring Descy, 2004). The hypothetical evaluation To that, the evaluation was effective; the audience who are the employees of Wal-Mart Organization had a session of debriefing, warm up, presentation and the time to cover the presentation materials (Tessaring Descy, 2004). I found time to ask the employees and all those who attended the training on what they gained from the whole session. The employee’s perspective towards the organization changed for the good because of how the employees conducted themselves at the work place. All the sessions were fully utilized by trainees because it was evidenced even when they were on break, there were discussions, and posing many questions on various issues (Tessaring Descy, 2004). From the period allocated for each activity, many issues were discussed. Though it has not been practically proved, I believe that, employees will apply what they learnt in the training session at the organization. Reference: Tessaring, M. and Descy, P. (2004). The foundations of evaluation and impact research: third  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   report on vocational training research in Europe: background report. Luxembourg:  Ã‚   Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

Teaching, Reading and Writing for Students Who are Deaf and Hard of Case Study

Teaching, Reading and Writing for Students Who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) - Case Study Example According to Cornish (2011, p.20), high numbers of children in remote areas develop hearing loss, with some having no eardrums. It is however certain that children with hearing loss perform poorly academically. The basics of learning in kindergarten involve repeating what the teacher has said, however, for DHH students, this mission is close to impossible. The author adds that these children have a high chance of dropping out in school as they feel stupid, therefore developing behavioral problems, and hence at risk of being arrested or imprisoned. Nevertheless, there exist several forms of languages and communication used by deaf or hard hearing students. Forms of Communication Used by Instructors and DHH Students Teaching, Reading and Writing fluency American Sign Language (ASL) is a widely used language among the deaf in United States of America and in Canada; this sign language relies mostly on English. ASL is regarded as the first language for the deaf or hard of hearing students ; whereby, these students are expected to acquire this sign language first. It is a visual English language that has no written components, and involves symbolic terms; therefore, students must be capable of translating texts into an understandable format (White, 2011, p.21). It is considered an easier first language since it is mostly used at an early age for those born with DHH. Manually Encoded English is another communication system used by those with DHH; this system represents words in English sentences by signs from the American Sign Language. Cued speech use mouth movement to differentiate the sounds of the spoken language from one another, with an aim... This paper stresses that DHH students experience social difficulties especially around their hearing peers, however, when these two groups of students participated in similar activities, the level of interaction increased. Family involvement in DHH student’s social lives can influence the social outcomes, since parents act like coaches for their children. Therefore, they are able to discuss challenging issues that are facing their children, thus encouraging them to developing social interactions with their peers. This report makes a conclusion that there is limited research on oral reading fluency of DHH students; nevertheless, measures to improve reading skills for these particular students should be implemented. This research proves that DHH students continue to drag behind compared to their hearing peers academically. However, with the involvement of parents, DHH students are able to achieve confidence. Therefore, parents of such students should take the first step towards learning sign language in order to be effective in communication, hence capable of motivating their children. DHH students are affected by the challenge of achievements academically; however, graphic novels among other learning approaches have proved to be efficient in communicating to DHH students. Students who are deaf or hard of hearing may encounter challenging issues that they cannot address because of the nature of their disability.

Apple Unveils Its Offline Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Apple Unveils Its Offline Strategy - Essay Example As losses mounted Jobs was brought back as the CEO who realized that licensing Mac operating system had contracted the market by taking away the customers (Bryson et al., 2006). The strategy was changed immediately and Apple began to sell directly by phone and internet. This strategy did bring about better sales but the market was saturated and there were miscalculations on the consumer demand. Since they were performing poorly and the sales were shrinking as competition had set in, the company changed their strategy and business objectives. Having performed poorly in the traditional computer market they decided to integrate the product development strategies with the digital technologies in the consumer electronics market. Their strategy was to innovate. Based on the new direction provided under the new CEO, the company was steering towards growth and it was subsequently ranked number one as Fortune’s most admired company for innovation. Apple was no more seen â€Å"in a battle for PC market share -- instead, as the platform becoming a premium PC, capturing selective demand† (Bryson et al., 2006). The objective of the company was to position Apple products as an integrating platform for a range of household products like cameras, vide o recorders, and music players. Apple’s strategic business units now include personal computers, software, iTunes, QuickTime, iMac, and support as per the chart below: With the changed strategy, the company was operating in an environment that provided several opportunities but competition and its own damaged reputation posed threat to its existence. Nevertheless, the strengths of the company saw it through the threats. The main strengths of the company were the vision of the CEO, Steve Jobs, the iPod, and the brand loyalty.